Development of Stratford Because of the Olympics Essay Example for Free

Development of Stratford Because of the Olympics EssayThe 2012 Olympics were held in Stratford in the East of capital of the United Kingdom, many of the events took place here. The Olympic park cover an bea of 500 acres which features the new built Olympic stadium, the London aquatics centre, the basketball bena, the London velopark and the riverbank arena. Boxing, fencing, judo, table tennis etc. was in the river zone which is located both sides of the River Thames in the Thames gateway area. The central zone which includes venues such as the Wembley stadium (where the finals of football competitions took place) in addition the Wembley Arena (Badminton) and Wimbledon (Tennis), covered close of central and West London. Stratford was chosen because the London bid team persuaded the 10c that this part of East London was in need of regeneration. Stratford was also chosen because the bid also proved that the area had potential, Javelin trains would take only 7 minutes from London and also the rivers in the area could make the Olympic park look beautiful. as well as alongside the old network of river and canals there was plenty of room for new development. This has been one of the most compact Olympic parks only about 2 square kilometres.EconomicDevelopment get out transform rundown rail lands into major shopping and business location. 120 shops and cafes.EnvironmentalOlympic village will be converted into permanent homes.The development will captivate homes, businesses and visitors because it will look improved and welcoming. Wide variety of open space.Visionary urban design, architecture and transport projects. The Stratford area will be transformed from a derelict filthy city into a clean, modern city. The regeneration of Stratford will help it be noticed and it will be transformed into a totally new place. The place and people will be noticed in a dissimilar and better way.Stratford has been improved in a great way because in the long term massive , new sporting facilities project been built which will attract people as it is a legacy of the games. Also in the long term, old houses have been knocked down and re-built making Stratford look more modern and looked after. other reason as to why Stratford has been improved is because of more jobs that have been created which will attract more people to the area and make it well known. Another returns and improvement is that the Olympic park largest Urban Park in Europe for 50 years will create a better image for London and East End.Increased participation in sport for young people has been increased making East London and London look like a great healthy place possibly persuading adults to live in London with their children so their children have a healthier and more active life. One of the improvements I have mentioned (old houses being knocked down and new ones being built) has been classed as a social issue because of complaints saying it will change the socio economic struc ture and the geographics of Stratford.Some residents have been offended negatively from the development of Stratford as almost 9.3 billion has been spent on the games with three quarters of it earmarked for regeneration and they say it is cloggy to see where the money has gone. This suggests to us that their area has been left and not improved leaving it as it is was and many other areas have been left as they are too. A positive impact on the residents is that their area is going to become well known because of the Olympics and also many more new modern homes and jobs are being created and becoming available. More positive reasons that have affected the residents are that they have reduced untidiness by removing any unnecessary railings, posts, bins and benches.Also they have improved the quality of open spaces and they have planted trees in groups along the road and introduce greenery too make the traffic seem less(prenominal) dominating.

Employment-At-Will Case Essay Example for Free

Employment-At-Will Case EssayCase Example A Elaine has litigated Jerry because Jerry fired her. Elaine was on the job for two months.The job offer letter that Jerry had sent her mentioned the not bad(p) c arer opportunities at the compevery and stated that her annual salary would be $30,000. The company is an employmentat allow employer. Elaine was given no reason for the termination. subsequently the termination, Jerry hired a man named Kramer, who had less job experience and education than Elaine, for the prepare. Elaine has sued to get her job back.There are legal issues in case pillowcase A. These issues will need to be brought up and answered before any decision rotter be made over this case. A letter was sent to Elaine. Could this be considered a contract? If not, was at that place a contract involved? If there was a contract involved, is it an executory contract or is it not valid at wholly? This is an employment-at-will employer, does the employer really need t o give a reason for the termination? Ethics in business play a big role in straightaways society. Could ethics carry been violated by the employer? Is this discrimination against Elaine? Did the employer lower Elaine in to this business with lies to gain something from her? Is this an intentional misrepresentation or fraud? Did Elaine have a certain skill that the employer needed and after the employer got what he needed he fired her? These are short legal questions that will need to be further studied. Elaines argument contains legal rules to support her claim.There is printed evidence that can definitely help out Elaine. The job offer letter states that there are great CAREER opportunities at the company. A career is defined as more than a simple job. It is a major part of a persons life. A job usually last a pair off of months. A career is thought of lasting for more than a couple of years. The fact that the term career was use in the letter, it is assumed that this is going to be something more than just a job An another(prenominal) word that was used is annual. The annual salary was said to be $30,000. The term annual also implies that the career that the employer is offering is something that islong term and not just a two month job. The plaintiff can argue that these were the conditions that were used when she was hired. She sought out this job because she was offered great career opportunities but was never given the career or the opportunity to make $30,000 annually. This could be classified under intentional misrepresentation or fraud because the plaintiff was brought into the business with false statements.Something else that Elaine can argue is that she was discriminated. after she was fired, she was replaced by a man that had less job experience and a lower education than Elaine. Elaine might have been let go because of her sex. This could be a violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The defendant also has a valid argument that he can dispute. This business is an employment at will employer. This means that the employee can be let go at any time for any reason. Elaine knew that this was an employment at will. When she read the letter and original the job, she also accepted all the conditions that came along with it. The plaintiff knew that she could be fired any time. This is the defendants argument. Based on facts and legal laws, the judge can look over the evidence and rules and make a decision. The employment-at-will doctrine clearly states that the employer can fire the employee at any time for any reason.There are many expulsions to the employment-at-will doctrine. In this case, the tort exception and statutory exception can be applied in favor of the plaintiff. The tort exception states that the employee can sue an employer for fraud. Based on the letter Elaine received, she never was given what she was promised. The employer gave the future employee false statements regarding receiving $30,000 an nually. The employer also made the employee believe that this was a career when it clearly lasted no more than two months. This is classified under fraud. The statutory exception will be the main exception in this case. The statutory exception states that Title VII and other federal state antidiscrimination laws prohibit employers from engaging in race, sex, religious, age, handicap, or other forms of discrimination.Right after Elaine was fired, a man was hired for that same position with less work experience and a lower education. This is evidence that Elaine was discriminated based on her sex. An employee who was wrongfully discharged can sue the employer for damages. Therefore the plaintiff will win the case. The legal rules that currently apply are fair and reasonable.Employment-at-will employers exist because in some jobs, the employer needs that flexibility in order to respond to any changes or needs. Sometimes it is necessary to let employees go but the employer should never forget the laws of business and also ethics. Also, adding exceptions like statutory exception and tort exception to this doctrine helps protect employees in case they are ever treated unfair or are ever taken advantage by their employer. The rules that are currently set for now are fair and reasonable and should not be violated.Work CitedCheeseman, H. R. The legal environment of business and online commerce. (Custom ed.).

A Literature Review On Adventure Tourism Tourism Essay

A Literature Review On misfortune holidaymakerry Tourism EssayAdventure tourism has become more popular as an alfresco recreation activity in the tourism industry (Travel sedulousness Association of America, cited 2005). The term happening fuck actually mean differently to different tourists because things that fill up the fear of maven tourist may not fill up for another tourist (Buckly, 2006). Therefore, there is no any specific government agency to define take chances tourism. The word adventure is described as the risky activities in personalizedity that argon taken on by the tourist or the risky depot visited by the tourist and the tourist return an exciting and unusual experience from what the tourist had did (Farlex, The Free Dictionary). Adventure also is where the participants voluntarily putting themselves in a position that the participants believe that they ar fetching a step into the un receiptn where challenges will be faced and something valuable from the experience will be disc all overed or gained (Swarbrooke, Beard, Leckie, and Promfret, 2003). Consequently, adventure tourism is something related to to nature and it is consisting of risk taking.Muller and Cleaver (2000) (cited in Swarbrooke et al. 2003, p. 29) delineate adventure tourism as the capability to provide tourists with relatively high degrees of sensory stimulation. It is usually contained some physical challenging elements with the (typically short) tourists experience. While Buckley (2006) mentioned that the term adventure tourism is used to mean as guided commercial tours where these major attraction is an outdoor activity that has natural environment features and normally needs specialized sporting or equipment. It moldiness be exiting for the tourists also. This definition does not mean that the tourists or clients mother to prep be the equipments themselves, they may purely be motivatelers and rely on the agents to prep are the equipments for them. For ex ample, tandem parachute harness or fair water raft, etc. Therefore, adventure tourism faecal matter refer to activities do by the tourists, which sop up high level of perceived or real risk like diving, hiking, hatfuleering, mountain biking, caving, sky-diving, skiing, snowboarding, white water rafting, kayaking, sailing, and sea kayaking. It also refer to a specific location of place with high degree of risk such as visiting desserts, jungles or mountaintops, polar surface areas and safaris. All these places select strong elements of adventure.Adventure tourism can be divided into soft adventure and hard adventure. These terms are certain by look forers who devised a case to explain the diversity of behaviour, beginning with mild adventure also known as soft adventure at one end of the scale and progress to hard adventure at the other extreme. This continuum, illustrate in range 1.1, involves different degrees of challenge, uncertainty, erectting familiarity, in the fl esh(predicate) abilities, intensity, duration and cognizances of learn (Lipscombe, 1995 42). A simpler way to describe soft and hard adventure is that soft adventure does not necessarily require past experience whereas hard adventure requires some experiences and proficiency in the activity prior to the tourism experience (Millington and Locke, 2001).Hard AdventureRefers to activities with high levels of risk, requiring intense commitment and advanced skills.Soft AdventureRefers to activities with a perceived risk but low levels of real risk, requiring minimal commitment and beginning skills closely of these activities are led by experienced guides.Figure 1 The continuum of soft and hard adventure (source Hill, 1995, cited in Beard et al. 2003, p. 33).Tourist behaviour is an in-depth topic as the behaviour of tourist change from prison term to time and sometimes it can be difficult to judge because not everyone shares the same behaviour. In enact to understand tourist behaviour , psychologists have found that certain concepts are useful to understand the behaviour (Bhatia, 2006). According to Bhatia (2006), tourist behaviour can be understand by determining the motive, drives, or concerns being satisfied by the action and the attitudes and information that the person use to decide what kind of response should be made in a given situation. Motivation is one shipway to describe tourist behaviour. Motivation is a verb reach from motivate Motivation is factor that influence or motivate trekkers to rifle to Everest rear end Camp. Motivation is defined as a reason or reasons for acting or behaving in a particular way or the desire or willingness to do something (Oxford online Dictionary). Hence, indigence of travel is why tourists travel to a place. It is classic to know tourist travel motivations because motivations will affect travel conclusiveness process (Crompton and McKay, cited in move 2009, p. 216) and motivations are drivers that influence and af fect the specific behaviour of a person or traveller. Furthermore, it also helps to develop strategies to attract tourists to a particular endpoint by understanding tourist behaviour. For example, travel agent or local authorities can find a way to increase the volume of tourists visiting a last by understanding the tourist behaviour when the destination is kind of bran-new in the tourism market or the number of tourists in the destination had decreased. Travel motivation is a wide possibility where it can not be understood by looking at one part of the theory only.Figure 2 The Motivation Process (source Holloway, Humphreys Davidson 2009, p.62).The process of translating a need into motivation to visit a specific destination or undertake a specific activity is quite complex and can be best demonstrated by means of a diagram (refer to Figure 2) (Holloway, Humphreys Davidson 2009, p.62). Potential consumers must be able to recognize their needs and wants and know what kinds of pr oduct actually carry through their needs. Figure 2 immortalizes that consumer perception of what will satisfy their need has to jibe with consumer perception of the attractions. Only when the consumer agrees on these 2 points, consumer will be motivated to visit a particular destination. For example, customer A and customer B have the same kind of need, where both of them like to do adventure activities and their think that trekking up to a mountain satisfies their need. Both customer A and B have the same interest but their perception on a particular destination may be different. Customer A may think that trekking to ascent Everest actually fulfils what he wants and his perception towards the destination is positive. While customer B may think that trekking to Mount Everest fulfil what he wants but he has a bad perception towards the destination as he think that the destination is very risky to him. Therefore, customer A will be willing to buy the package and climb up to Mount Everest because both the perception of the need and the attraction match. Customer B will not be motivated to go to Mount Everest as the perception of need and attraction do not match.According to Beerli and Martin (cited in Correia, Valle and Moco 2007, p. 46), motivation is the needs that drives and individual to act in a certain way to achieve the desire satisfaction. Therefore, people travel level on many different reasons. Motivation has also been referred as psychological / biological needs and wants including integral forces that arouse, direct, and integrate a persons behaviour and activity (Dann Pearce Uysal Hagan, cited in Shin 2009, p. 32). Travel motivators are the factors that create a persons desire to travel and are usually the internal psychological influences affecting individual choices (Bhatia, 2006). Travel motivations usually include a wide range of personal experiences and behaviours. Various studies have been done to find out why people wish to travel after the advent of mass tourism, especially after the Second World War. Macintosh (cited in Bhatia 2006) has group the basic travel motivators into four categories.Physical motivators, which are related to physical relaxation, refreshment of body and mind, sports, pleasure, and special medical treatment. All these are connected with individuals bodily well beings and connected to activities which help to reduce tension.Cultural motivators, which are related to individuals desire to travel in order to know more near other countries, natives of the countries and cultural heritage of the countries which expressed in art, music, dance, folklore, etc.Interpersonal motivators, which are related to individuals desire to meet new people, visit friends and relatives, and to seek new and different experiences. Travel is simply to escape from the daily routine or get out-of-door from the usual life or environment.Status and prestigiousness motivators, which are related to the needs of personal esteem and personal development in an individual. Such motivators are more likely to be concerned with the desire for science and attention from others, in order to boost personal ego. Under this kind of motivations, people usually travel for business, for the purpose of education and the pursuit of hobbies.Crandall (cited in anteroom Page 1999) who did a study on the motivations of the unfilled travellers, outlined 17 motivational factors which derived from a synthesis of previous studies in this field. Below are the 17 motivational factors listed by Crandall.1ENJOYING NATURE, ESAPING FROM CIVILISATIONTo get away from civilisation for a while To be close to nature10RECOGNITION, STATUSTo show other I could do itSo other would think highly of me for doing it2ESCAPE FROM ROUTINE AND RESPONSBILITYChange from my daily routineTo get away from the responsibilities of my daily life11SOCIAL POWERTo have control over othersTo be in a position of authority3 somatic EXRCISEFor the exercise To keep in shape12ALTURISMTo help others4CREATIVITYTo be creative13STIMULUS SEEKINGFor the excitementBecause of the risks intricate5RELAXATIONTo relax physicallySo the mind can slow down for a while14SELF-ACTUALISATION (FEEDBACK, SELF-IMPROVEMENT, ABILITY UTILISATION)Seeing the results of your efforts use a variety of skills and talent6SOCIAL reachSo I could do things with my companions To get away from other people15ACHIEVEMENT, CHALLENGE, competitionTo develop my skill and abilityBecause of the competitionTo learn what I am capable of7MEETING NEW PEOPLETo talk to new and wide-ranging peopleTo build friendships with new people16KILLING TIME, AVOID BOREDOMTo keep busyTo avoid boredom8HETEROSEXUAL CONTACTTo be with people of the opposite sexTo meet people of the opposite sex17INTELLECTUAL AESTHETICISMTo use my mindTo think bout my personal values9FAMILY CONTACTTo be away from the family for a whileTo help bring the family together moreTable 1 Crandalls list of motivations. arisin g Crandall 1980 (cited in Hall Page 1999).Pearce (cited in Pan 2009, p. 218) who had based and expanded on the theory of Maslows hierarchy of human needs, first developed the travel charge ladder approach to travel motivation in 1988 and later made conceptual adjustment to the travel career ladder in 2005. The fundamental nature of this model connects the level of travel experiences with the hierarchy of travel needs. According to Pearce (cited in Pan 2009, p. 218), travellers who had more experiences in travel usually seek experiences that meet their higher(prenominal) order of travel needs such as self-esteem and self-actualization. On the other hand, inexperienced travellers will tend to seek experiences that meet their basic travel needs such as security and psychological ones. Tourism industry is a services industry and the products which offer in tourism industry are intangible. It is widely known that to travel is to experience. Consequently, tourist experience is fundament ally a service experience.The five level of travel career ladder, starting from the bottom are (1) concern with biological needs (including relaxation), (2) safety and security needs or level of stimulation, (3) relationship development and extension needs, (4) special interest and self-development needs, and (5) fulfilment of loggerheaded involvement needs which formally defined as self-actualization (Pearce cited in Marafa, Ho Chau 2007, p.8). This travel career ladder is later presented graphically by Ryan (cited in Marafa, Ho Chau 2007, p.8), refer to figure 3. It is not necessary that everyone has to start from the bottom because people change from time to time and some may try to seek for activities which satisfy high level of needs in pursuit of leisure and recreation (Marafa, Ho Chau, 2007).Figure 3 Travel Career Ladder by Ryan (cited in Marafa, Ho Chau 2007, p. 9).Another theory which often use by researchers when describing travel motivations is the shift and pull th eory. This theory shows that people travel because they are pushed and pulled to travel by some factors. Dann (cited in Pan 2009, p. 219) whom had combined and analyzed the relevant travel motivation literature, concluded that travel occurs due to the internal factors of indentified and unfulfilled desires (motivational push) and reinforce by external factors which is destination pull. Push factors are either internally generated or externally induced (Dann, cited in Pan 2009, p. 218). The desire to conquer a mountain by reaching the summit of the mountain is one of the examples of push factors. While pull factors are related to the attributes of the destination that serve to satisfy the needs and wants of travellers. some(prenominal) authors assume that internal and external factors are factors that motivate human behaviour. For example, Kotler (cited in Correia, Valle and Moco 2007, p. 46) states that motivations can be the result of internal and external stimuli. Internal factors are factors derive from personal needs and wants such as psychological, social egocentric, self-actualization and safety. While external factors are usually result from promotion and publicity. Travel motivation can be either personal (personal training, compensation rest and knowledge) or interpersonal (resulting from social relation) (Crompton, 1979 Dann, 1977 Yoon and Uysal, 2005, cited in Corriea et al. 2007, p.47).Iso-Ahola Ryan Glendon (cited in Pan 2009, p. 219) argued that travel motivation is closely related to leisure motivation and the former should not be analyze independent of the latter. Iso-Ahola (cited in Alexandris, Kouthouris, Funk Giobani 2009, p. 482) defined tourism motivation as a meaningful set of mind which adequately disposes an actor or a group of actor to travel. Approach (seeking) and avoidance (escaping) are the two components in leisure motivation, identified by Iso-Ahola. Therefore, people travel in order to seek friendship, novelty, challenge, achi evement, experience, and etc. while at the same time escape from the daily routine or personal problems. While Ryan Glendon (cited in Pan 2009, p. 219) applied an abbreviated version (14 items) of the Leisure Motivation Scale of 1,127 United Kingdom holidaymakers and identified four motivation factors from the scale which were intellectual, social, competence mastery and stimulus avoidance. The first three factors could be categorized as seek components and the last factor as escape component.Crompton (cited in Kao, Patterson, Scott, and Chung 2008, p. 18) studied travel motivation by using push and pull model and developed seven socio-psychological or push motives (escape from a perceived mundane environment, self-exploratory, relaxation, prestige and regression, enhancement of kinship relations, facilitation of social interaction) and two cultural motives or pull motives (novelty and education). This study refers to motives which are more specific and direct that can affect touri sts decision on the travel decision or the type of holidays (Crompton, cited in Corriea et al. 2007, p.47). The author identify that psychological or social motives (push motives) sustain the desire to travel. While on the other hand, travel decision if affected by pull motives and pull motives are also associated to the destinations characteristic (Lundberg, cited in Corriea et al. 2007, p.47).A study was done to research the motivations and satisfactions of Chinese Tourists who visit Australia (Kao, Patterson, Scott, and Chung, 2008). Push and pull approach was used to find 17 push motivations and 18 pull motivations for travel in this study. The about of the essence(predicate) push factor found in this study is Travelling around the world, while the most important pull factor is sunshine and scenery and most of the Taiwanese tourists are satisfied after visiting Australia. Study done by Chang (2007) on travel motivation of package tour travellers suggested that socio-psycholo gical needs were an important motivation for travel, and socio-economic considerations were regarded as a crucial motivation for travel decision making. Furthermore, social relationships friends or relatives recommendations had a strong impact in the decision makings of the Taiwanese travellers (Chang, 2007). This study was done to examine travel motivations and travel decision-making of Taiwanese tourists with a group package tour abroad. Therefore, it can be said that tourists travel to a destination is strongly influenced by their socio-psychological needs.Tourist builds his/her perceptions based on intrinsic and extrinsic motivations (Gartner, 1993 Dann, 1996 Baloglu, 1997 cited in Corriea et al. 2007, p.47). Everyone receives and processes information differently. Therefore, individuals perception is also formed differently base on how the information is received and transformed. According to Oxford online dictionary, perception means the ability to see hear, or become aware o f something through senses or the way in which something is regarded, understood, or interpreted. Perceptions are also defined as the perceived value of product by many previous researchers (Correia and Crouch, 2004 Correia et al., 2007C Holbrook, 1996 oh, 2000 Sheth et al., 1991 Zeithaml, 1998 cited in Correia and Pimpao 2008). This concept develops based on cognitive and behavioural perspectives which result from the learning and motivational processes rendered by the tourist. Therefore, perception is the point of views about what the tourist think about the destination.Perception of a destination is linked to the destination image. Based on the image of the destination, perception of the destination will be generated and each tourist will have their own perception about the destination. Destination image is described as overall perceptions of individuals regarding a place or total set of impressions about a destination (Bigne et al., 2001 Fakeye and Crompton, 1991 cited in Alvare z and Korzay 2008). Destination image is usually formed through media, either positive or negative images. This is based on how the surface area promotes the destination in its country and through world news, people can easily know the problems or issues in the country. Hence, the destination image will be easily affected and it changes over time because people build up the destination images and representations based on the information that they receive (Avraham, 2000 Sonmez and Sirakaya, 2002 cited in Alvarez and Korzay 2008). In 21st century, internet is the most powerful media that affect customers perception and destination image. In the world of internet, people can easily source for information regarding the destination and leave comments on the blogs or travel discussion forums after visiting the destination. Therefore, people nowadays not only listen to their friends past travel experiences but also read the oecumenic tourists experiences from travel blogs or travel discu ssion forums. It is important to know what Malaysian trekkers think about Everest Base Camp which can be risky.Corriea et al. (2007) did a research on why people travel to exotic places by combining motivations and perceptions. This is the first time and they are the first few researchers that combine motivations and perceptions in order to understand how people can be pushed to travel to exotic places and how they form their perceptions. In this research, Corriea et al. (2007) try to find the relationship between push and pull motivation, push motivation and perception, and pull motivation and perception, based on a group of Portuguese tourists who go to exotic places such as Brazil, Morocco, Egypt, Sao Tome, and Principe. This study proves that perception of tourist destinations are formed based on push and pull factors but the relationship between push factors and perceptions in not significant and this proves that tourist decides to go for travel because he/she need to solve a c onflict arousal (rest, social, and intellectual rewards) (Corriea et al. 2007). After that, the tourist will decide where to go based on the destination attributes. Destination attributes (pull motives) are seen as the way to solve intrinsic motives (push motives) in this study, but these constructs are not directly related to the overall perceptionof the destination because they are apparently solved when the tourist turns the attention to specific attributes (Corriea et al. 2007).Gnoth (1997) reports that the perception of a destination may be analysed from a cognitive or behavioural perspective. There are several types of perceptions which are cognitive component (which results from the evaluation of the destination attributes) and personal component (which results from the evaluation of the destination attributes) that a person can have, argued by Gnoth (1997).Travel motivation is an extensive researched area in tourism (Pan, 2009). Consequently, there are many theories that des cribe about tourist motivation to travel suggest by several authors or researchers as different tourist have different mindset and behaviour. Furthermore, there are many forms of tourism and tourists can be clustered into various types of groups. Perceptions of travellers on a particular destination can be unlikely because everyone thinks differently. Due to different in culture and the way they receive and transform the information will affect the perception of the tourists.Conceptual FrameworkFigure 4 Conceptual FrameworkHypothesisTrekking in Everest region is the dream of most of the Malaysians trekkers.Its part of self-fulfillment of the trekkers and they want to challenge themselves as Malaysia does not have mountains which are more than 5000m and Everest is the highest mountain in the world.Malaysians trekkers travel to Everest Base Camp but not to the summit of Mount Everest because budget and time limit them to trek to the summit of Mount Everest.Additional informationObject iveTo know the factors that motivate them to take Everest base camp trekTo understand travelers perception on Everest base camp, Nepal as a tourism destination

Leadership Reflection Journal

Leadership Reflection JournalWhat accompanys is my attractionship journal.1. My Leadership RoleWhen I was a little girl ab start five years old, I had my firstly attractership experience. I was part of a dance group and was the first one in the row, my teacher told me allday, my darling, it is you who pull up stakes pretend to make no mistakes, learn all the right gradations and then practice them again and again, because perpetuallyyone else will simply follow you, and your mistake would make not only you but everyone else in the group look bad. She then told me that only people who were extra were given this very important responsibility. Oh I just cant express how happy these words made me feel, but little did I be intimate what a burden was put on my shoulders. Later as I grew up and was about 10 years old I was made the path representative , I was very happy with the trust my teachers and classmates showed in me but, at the same time I knew I was accountable and answ erable for a brood of things. This phase of my emotional state charted out a lot of my personality .It made me a more than confident person, it made me an individual who was not afraid of winning responsibilities and tasks, no matter how challenging they might seem. Most importantly it made me substantialise that sometimes it is accountability that gets out the lift out in you. But that I was just a little girl who did not know all the stakes of being the leader. Years passed and my post of the class prefect turned into that of the cultural secretary of my school. As I swore in the responsibility of being the cultural secretary I could not help but be proud, I could not help but experience power. But, also I could not help hearing the echoes in my head, the echoes of my teachers voice, remember everyone else will simply follow you, and your mistakes affect the entire group. At that very instant I realised that leadership is not just the capacity to take people to a place th ey cant get to on their own. So, I took up the responsibilities while others made excuses , and made it my goal to give my school the best of shows, cultural events and gala evenings it had ever witnessed. This task however was not easy but, I also wasnt an easy quitter. I challenged myself at every step and made it a point to be persistent and have tenacity despite failure at times. I had dreams, everyone does, but I also had the resolution to turn it into reality. I knew that power corrupts but, I constantly reminded myself that I was here to bring glamour in my shows rather than being overpowered by the glamour in my post. From the five year old little girl to an eighteen year old young adult in my experience as a leader Ive realised one thing. Sometimes, it just happens in an instant. We step up. We become a leader. We see a path, and we take it .Even when we have no idea where we argon going.2. The PosterAs a king loves his kingdom, all the people in it, every blade of grass t hat grows on his land, every pebble that resides in its waters. All that is severe and all that is bad , all that is strong and all that is not. Such should also be the reign of a leader, who in his reign takes into consideration the needs, desires and goals of all his followers, and at the same time also motivates them to put in all their energies to achieve the common group goal. Also one must always remember a king is not a king without his kingdom and so is true for the leader as well. A leader is nothing without his followers, just like the king, the leader may wear the crown but his actual power resides in the trust invested in him by his followers. It is these ideas that inspire our placard. Our poster depicts the leader as a king like figure who is calm and wise. In the depth of his eyes can be seen years of experience. Our leader wears a crown made out of several people, symbolising his followers. This unique crown further reflects our main idea of the power of the leader being his followers support and trust. Further our poster also depicts beams of lights popping out of each followers head, with their individual goal written on it. This was done to put emphasis on the percentage of a good leader to place importance on individual goals alongside common group goals. Our poster also expresses the individual importance of every member in the group. The slogan says Leadership is the initiative of the leader but the voice of the followers, this too highlights our main idea. To take everyone forward is a leaders dream, but to work with everyone to achieve this dream, is his challenge. Our poster is also inspired to some extent by the great mughal emperor AKBAR, who in his court had niner special ministers famously called the Nav Ratnas. No policy in the kingdom was implemented without the consensus of these nine people. The Nav Ratnas were King Akbars greatest advisors. It is said that king Akbar and his nine ministers would conclude for hours togeth er before making the final decision on any important matter in the kingdom. The result of all this, King Akbar was able to go on secularism in a kingdom where muslims and hindus fought all the time. He was also given the title of THE GREAT , and till like a shot is one of the most loved kings of the Indian sub-continent. Our group after a lot of brainstorming and considering examples of great leaders such as King Akbar, came to the shutdown of basing our poster on the leader follower relationship. And so our poster shouts out loud our idea, of the power of the leader actually being the trust invested in him by his followers.3. The QuoteChange, we dont like it, we fear it, but cant stop it from coming. We either adapt to change or we get left behind. And it hurts to grow, anybody who tells you it doesnt is lying. But heres the truth The more things change, the more they stay the same. And sometimes change is good. Oh, sometimes change is everything. I first heard these words on th e T.V show Greys Anatomy, and ever since they have been like my guiding angel. Right from the time when I was a little girl, I have had this tendency to get greatly attached to people, things and places. I have always resisted change. But change is one of the greatest truths of life and I know I have to learn to deal with it. We all have weaknesses but, courage lies in overcoming them. This task, however difficult it might seem, certain things help make it easier. For me these words became my fairy god mother, and helped me deal with change whenever it stood in social movement of me ready to shatter me from the inside out. I still cant forget the day of my school farewell, I stood there silent, rewinding all the good memories. crying filled up my eyes and a sense of great loss filled my heart. I did not want to let go of my friends, my teachers and that school construction where I had spent 14 years of my life. I looked around and saw all others also had tears in their eyes, but th e difference between them and me was the grimace they all wore on their lips. Then it suddenly dawned upon me the smile on their faces was the hope of a new beginning, the hope of a brighter future and a step onward towards their dreams. I realised at that very moment that my tears were not because of all the good memories I would be leaving behind, but because of the fear of pickings on responsibilities of an adult. I did not want to grow up, after all there is nothing better than the life of a child, free from all the shackles of the real adult world. But I had dreams in my heart too and I knew these dreams were bigger than my fear, I knew I had to challenge my fears and make the move ahead in life. I knew I had to let go of the past in order to live in the present and have wonderful dreams and plans about the future. I cherished to be remembered long after I was gone, and I wanted to make a difference to this world. This was my dream and I knew I only had one life to full fill it. I had to crucify my fears and all the hurdles on my road to success. The biggest one currently was the acceptance of change. It is said the first step to overcome your weakness is to figure it out. I knew my weakness and I had my words of wisdom echoing in my mind again and again. The first step was taken and the abide would surely follow.To conclude I would only say this course has truly been an enlightening experience.

E-tendering implementation best practice

E- techying murder surpass formulaChapter 1 Introduction1.0 Research titleE-Tendering Implementation silk hat practice1.1 AbstractE-Tendering is a web attendering service offered on a pay-per-tender basis where entirelyows clients and their consultants to run tenders through a secure website. But not entirely the countries involved are fully implemented e-Tendering. They are only implementing e-Tendering at certain stages. This research is carried out to see the best practice in the implementation of e-Tendering worldwide. The anticipated findings are each countries involved are not fully implemented e-Tendering because of certain problems and constraint. The bench hold back was developing for the best practice of e-tendering. This research ordain narrate for authorities and construction persistence itself where it stands in terms of e-Tendering implementation compared to its peer countries.IntroductionConstruction industry all over the world cook demonstrated the need t o improve the service delivery and being able to handle issues swiftly and satisfactorily. The advent of Internet Technology has made it possible for countenance of construction industry to transform themselves by offering traditional services especially tendering turn through online. Tendering is considered to be one of the fairest means of awarding government contracts and the method just close to likely to secure a favourable outcome for a government in its spending of public money. The basic principles of the tendering process conjoin been applied to many business areas, such as purchasing goods seeking service providers, business consulting, or the selection of main contractors for construction work. With the expand and dispel of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in world and this country, government of Malaysia under Public Works Department (JKR) collaborate with Construction Industry Development venire (CIDB) to implement the National E-Tendering Initiat ives (NeTI) program. E-tendering program will provide all tendering process through online. At this stage, JKR and CIDB implement e-tendering for government construction project only.According to royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors, e-Tendering is a Web tendering service offered on a pay-per-tender basis. E-Tendering allows clients and their consultants (buyers) to run tenders through a secure website. It offers a simple, secure, standard, efficient and cost telling way to manage tenders online. It provides a major opportunity to replace existing paper based procedures and achieve significant cost savings, while producing a more efficient and reliable process. Use of the system is charged on a per tender basis to buyers, there are no subscription fees. Use of the system is rationalise to contractors (suppliers). This reason bring to government of Malaysia and countries over the world to use and implement e-tendering, which offer a simple, secure, standard, efficient and cost effective and also can evacuate corruption. That means contractors all over the country can register and get tender through online and do not have to use the traditional tender process which is paper-based, more costly and sometimes bias tender awarded.Problem statementMost of the developed and develop countries have their own channels to notify the notification of tenders through the Internet, which are displayed in their official websites. However, implementation of electronic tendering is not complete in the reality world because of certain barriers and problems.In Malaysia, the tendering process is still based on manual activities even though they have National E-Tendering Initiatives (NeTI) program, which website program that conduct tender process through internet. In the reliable situation, government of Malaysia only advertises their tender through online. When looking entire the world, same situation of e-tendering implementation happens. Many countries like India and Si ngapore conduct and organize tender process through online in the half way. Different countries have their different nature of technology and construction industry. In UK, e-tendering is already implemented in the most efficient manner. Player of construction industry in UK, especially contractor, they have enough technology and equipment to adopt e-tendering.Now the question is what is the best practice to adopt e-tendering in present time? Benchmarking best practice need to develop to give some guideline to the develop countries what is the best way to implement e-tendering. tec actualise that most of people are tend to do benchmarking in IT and supply management but lack of study in benchmarking the best practice of e-Tendering. So the gap of knowledge must be filled and explore to produce the new findings that might be give benefits to people and construction industry itself. For above statement, this research has explored the best practice of e-Tendering implementation in few countries. This research has identified e-Tendering processes involved and compares it with each country selected. By the end of this research, the best practice of e-Tendering implementation is recommended for the benchmark.AimsThis research is carried out to study the best practice in the implementation of e-Tendering worldwide.ObjectivesTo identify the countries in the world who have implemented e-TenderingTo study compare the best practice of e-Tendering implementation as identified above.To recommend the best practice of e-Tendering implementation.Research questionsWhat countries that already implemented e-Tendering in their construction industry?What are the processes of e-Tendering?Are they fully implemented e-Tendering in their construction industry?What is the best practice of e-Tendering for their construction industry currently?Research methodology belles-lettres reviewIn order to provide good background information of the study area, literature review is very important. Literatures reading were carried out to collect all information and studied to get better understanding about e-Tendering implementation in Malaysia and others countries worldwide. All the sources are collected from internet, journals, books, past master thesis and discourse related to this topic.Desk studyAll the sources are analyse and make adaptation. From literature study, data were collected and distinguish what are the needs in this research. Quantitative interpretation is the main method to carry out this research which based on data and more relevant with the current issues.Significance of researchThis research is about best practice of e-Tendering implementation worldwide was done for the following major reasonsThe Malaysia government needs to know where it stands in terms of e-Tendering implementation compared to its peer countries to mark its current progress of milestone achievement.Malaysia construction industry needs to know with their current status e-Tendering imp lementation compare to others countries.Benchmark for e-tendering is very important to recognize the best practice of e-tendering implementation worldwide.To discuss the current status e-Tendering worldwide.Overview of contentChapter 1 IntroductionChapter 2 An overview on conventional tenderingChapter 3 New interlingual rendition of tendering system- Electronic TenderingChapter 4 MethodologyChapter 5 Case study discussionChapter 6 Recommendation conclusion

are you a good leader? :: essays research papers

Are you a good leader? A good leader must be articulate so he house understand every unity he leads. A good leader must also be strong minded so he provide convert people to do what is right for the group. Last but not least you must be intellectual to one, know what is right for the group and two to linchpin up your other two traits. The best leaders are articulate, strong minded, and intelligent.A good leader must be articulate, in order to guide all the different types of people in the group. Someone who can speak well can convince all the people of the group to do as you wish. unmatchable who speaks well can impose their thoughts on the group. Also, someone who does not speak well is less likely to be listened to than someone that does speak well. One who speaks well will benefit the group the most.Although you must be articulate, you must also be strong-minded to back up you statements. Being strong-minded can help to convince people to do as you would like. If someone ca n keep a group under control they can keep everyone working and bettering the group, and this takes a strong-minded person. If one is strong minded they could keep everyone on task and getting along. And most importantly a strong-minded person can keep himself on task.To be a good leader you must be strong-minded, but more importantly you have to be intelligent. Someone who is flip can back up his or her statements with fact. If someone is intelligent people are more likely to listen to their ideas before someone who is less intelligent. If one is intelligent they have the ability to instruct a group properly. And if one is intelligent they can organize all of the groups projects better the a less intelligent person.

Trusted Systems: Protecting Sensitive Information :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Introduction With the widespread use of the profits, networked applications have expanded to provide many services that a few years ago would have seemed impractical or futuristic. Among them are applications that allow you to find your perfect date, to file your taxes online, rent movies or even to send away gifts you dont like. With the proliferation of the internet the demand for programs that use information in more complicated and advanced ways has risen. Commercial entities have come forward to fulfill this demand, and the internet has become the center for many applications driven by information. As information use and sharing among applications becomes more desirable we have seen the downside of sensitive information cosmos kind to entities for which it was not intended. When we look at the development goals of the internet and of electronic computer networks in general we can easily see the contradictory goals that defend concealment would present. Th e internet was developed by people who saw great potential in being able to share scientific and military information right away and easily between computers. Concerns about the privacy of information created by the new applications mentioned above, give us the goal of making sure that information is only accessible by the entities that it is intended for. By definition this means making information sharing more difficult as we dont want a legitimate user of information to be able to share that information with someone who does not have a legitimate right. For example if I table my personal information to an insurance company, I dont want the insurance company to share my information with others who might use it to send me advertisements or for more sinister purposes. Current computer systems and networks have been built with the first goal of ubiquitous access and information sharing in mind. Therefore protecting sensitive information requires us to completely rethink the way tha t computer systems are designed. Potentially there are two routes that we could take. One is to allow computer systems and the internet to enjoy the free architecture that they have at present but to prosecute violators with strict laws on information security. The other is to completely redesign computer systems with the additional goal that information should only be accessible by parties that the owner of the information trusts.